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Mixed raster content (MRC) is a method for compressing images that contain both binary-compressible text and continuous-tone components, using image segmentation methods to improve the level of compression and the quality of the rendered image.[1] By separating the image into components with different compressibility characteristics, the most efficient and accurate compression algorithm for each component can be applied.
MRC-compressed images are typically packaged into a hybrid file format such as DjVu and sometimes PDF.[2] This allows for multiple images, and the instructions to properly render and reassemble them, to be stored within a single file.
Some image scanners optionally support MRC when scanning to PDF. A typical manual states that without MRC, the image is generated in a single process, with text and graphics not distinguished. With MRC, separate processes are used for text, graphics, and other elements, producing clearer graphics and sharper text, at the price of slightly slower processing. MRC is recommended to optimise the scanning of documents with harder-to-read text or lower-quality graphics.[3] MRC can also reduce the size of the scanned file,[4] though higher compression using JBIG2 can sometimes lead to character substitution errors in scanned documents.[5]
File format
[edit]| MRC (ISO/IEC/ITU) | |
|---|---|
| Internet media type | image/mrc |
| Magic number | \xFF\xD8 |
| Extended from | JPEG |
| Standard | ISO/IEC 16485:2000; ITU-T Recommendation T.44 (01/2005) |
A form of MRC is defined by international standard bodies as ISO/IEC 16485, or ITU recommendation T.44 (accessible free of charge). It defines a file format with bilevel masks and two data layers in each "stripe" of the image. The mask can be encoded in ITU T.4, JBIG1, or JBIG2, while the images can be JPEG, JBIG1, or run-length encoded color. The format is loosely based on JPEG, with a APP13 segment registered for this purpose.
It is not known whether this file format is actually used, as formats like DjVu and PDF have their own ways of defining layers and masks.[2]
See also
[edit]- Binary image
- Image segmentation § Compression-based methods
- Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)
- Group 4 compression (MMR; T.6)
- JPEG 2000 Compound image file format (JPM; T.805)
References
[edit]- ^ de Queiroz, Ricardo L.; Buckley, Robert R.; Xu, Ming (28 December 1998). Mixed Raster Content (MRC) Model for Compound Image Compression (PDF). Visual Communications and Image Processing '99. SPIE Proceedings. Vol. 3653. doi:10.1117/12.334618. ISBN 978-0-8194-3124-0. Retrieved 2025-08-04.
- ^ a b "The MRC (Mixed Raster Content) Model and DjVu". PlanetDjVu. 10 June 2003.
- ^ "Text Formats". Visioneer OneTouch Scanning Guide (PDF). October 2019. p. 33.
- ^ "Image Compression". Kofax. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
- ^ "Scanning and Compression White Paper" (PDF). Xerox. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2025-08-04.
External links
[edit]- Mixed Raster Content (MRC) - Programme of Work Allocated to ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG
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